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Democrats ran on themes of affordability and corruption right up until the finish line this weekend, sensing a tantalizing chance to take full control of Congress if the polls are accurate - and if their party can avoid self-inflicted damage.
President Donald Trump and Republicans used their cash advantage to mount a fevered last-minute defense, accusing Democrats of being dangerous and warning of culture-war horrors if GOP support falters at the ballot box.
Across the country, Democrats brushed off these attacks and tried to stay focused on their central message. However, their strategy was tested on Sunday when Rep. Haley Stevens (D-Michigan) shocked even her own staffers by endorsing GOP nominee Mike Rogers in her state's Senate race.
Stevens had clashed with Michigan's Democratic nominee, Abdul El-Sayed, after he defeated her in the nominating primary, but her defection to Rogers capped a wild few days in which she attacked El-Sayed's position on Israel while still pledging to support him.
Control of the Senate hinges on just a handful of seats, so Democratic leaders went into a four-alarm panic Sunday, distancing themselves from Stevens, ejecting her from the state party and trying to keep El-Sayed's candidacy on track.
"This is a despicable betrayal from Rep. Stevens," Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-New York) said on X. "Senate Democrats are united in our support for Abdul El-Sayed, because we know he will fight for the economic interests of working families in Michigan, unlike Mike Rogers, who is a tool of Donald Trump and billionaire donors."
As Democrats tried to shore up their candidate in Michigan, Trump returned to the campaign trail with rallies in the formerly safe red states of Kansas and Iowa. He had canceled those rallies earlier but rescheduled them after facing criticism. At a rally in Iowa on Sunday evening, Trump defended his record, said prices on goods are coming down and blamed inflation on his predecessor, former president Joe Biden.
"The Democrats caused the high prices, the Democrats caused affordability problems ... and we're fixing them," Trump said. High gasoline prices caused by the war in Iran "are a small price to pay," he added, "for the security of this country and for the world."
The president's Sunday rallies capped a weekend spent phoning into tele-rallies around the country and hosting a lavish Halloween party at his private Mar-a-Lago Club.
Trump's approval ratings are at all-time lows, but Republicans still treat him as their best surrogate. The president has laid out a road map for Republican candidates that calls for preaching confidence in the economy, fealty to his agenda and campaigning as if Trump himself were on the ballot. His fingerprints are all across the political landscape, from urging Southern states to draw new Republican-leaning congressional districts to hand-selecting nominees for House and Senate races.
Democrats have welcomed the focus on Trump. On Sunday, the Democratic National Committee used the Mar-a-Lago Halloween bash - at which Trump told reporters, "Look at all my rich members" - to draw a direct line between Trump's high living and the troubled state of the economy.
"As everyday Americans struggle to fill up at the pump and put food on the table, Trump and his wealthy and well-connected donors dined on Alaskan king crab and caviar, while Trump bragged that 'the country has never done better,'" the DNC wrote in a campaign email.
At a rally Saturday in Virginia's 2nd Congressional District, where Rep. Jen Kiggans (R) is locked in one of the most competitive races in the country, the Democratic nominee, former congresswoman Elaine Luria, told volunteer canvassers to start every conversation with "Jen Kiggans voted 100 percent of the time with Trump."
House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-New York) told voters at the rally that Trump had left a "graveyard of broken promises," from lowering prices to staying out of wars.
Jeffries pledged that if Democrats win a House majority - which probably would make him speaker - they will work to reverse Trump's cuts to Medicaid, end the war in Iran and restore enhanced Affordable Care Act premium subsidies. And he promised to "hold the crooks accountable," describing the Trump administration as beset by the most "corruption, extremism, lawbreaking [and] norm-breaking we've ever seen."
Meanwhile, House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-Louisiana), rallying in Michigan on Saturday with Rogers and House nominee Michael Bouchard, told supporters that polls are wrong and that the GOP will defy the usual trend of the party holding the White House losing power in Congress.
Johnson depicted the election in dark terms, with dire consequences if Democrats win a majority.
"We are no longer going to be arguing about marginal tax rates; we're not going to be debating shades of difference in foreign policy and regulation," Johnson said. "We're going to be talking about whether we're going to maintain the republic, the very foundations of America. We're going to go down this dark, dangerous road to communism."
He, like other Republicans around the country, tried to shift voter attention away from rising prices to the rising power of the left and democratic socialism in the Democratic Party.
"This is a battle between socialist, Marxist, communist ideology, or believing in the future of America the founders believed in America," Texas state Sen. Tan Parker (R) said in a rally in Fort Worth for Republican Senate nominee Ken Paxton. "This is the fight of our lives."
Some Republicans facing unexpectedly strong competition leaned into Halloween-themed criticism of their opponents over the weekend.
Sen. Darline Graham (R-South Carolina), running in a toss-up race against Democrat Annie Andrews, posted a digital ad with music from Michael Jackson's "Thriller" arguing that "radical Annie Andrews" is "spookier than ghosts and goblins," and claiming the Democrat supports boys participating in girls' sports, open borders and defunding the police. None of those is an Andrews campaign position.
Andrews countered the ad with a post on X with a photo of herself trick-or-treating in a Ghostbusters costume with a gas pump on her back. The post featured the tagline, "Want cheaper gas prices? You know who to call."
Some Republicans closed with a more policy-focused message. In Iowa, GOP Senate nominee Ashley Hinson acknowledged that many Iowans feel "priced out of the American dream," in an op-ed in the Des Moines Register. "I've never been interested in partisan talking points when there's a problem to solve," Hinson wrote, pledging to work with anyone who has good ideas about lowering costs.
Democrats, in contrast, have broadly embraced corruption and government ethics reform as a winning issue this year, tapping into anti-elite sentiment at a time many voters are struggling financially. On Saturday at a rally in downtown Houston, Democratic Senate nominee James Talarico, whom Paxton frequently calls a "Marxist," painted his opponent as corrupt and beholden to billionaires.
"This election is about whether you want a politician who puts money in your pocket or his own," Talarico said to cheers and applause, accusing Elon Musk, who has spent at least $446 million to influence the midterm elections, of trying to buy the Senate seat.
While Democrats have built momentum in polling through the summer and into the fall, they were outspent by Republicans on advertising in competitive races every week since Labor Day.
During the final week before Election Day, total ad spending reached $561 million, with Republicans accounting for $305 million and Democrats for $256 million.
The economy remains the top advertising issue for both parties. Nearly two-thirds of ads aired in competitive races last week mentioned it.
Republicans also unleashed a blitz of ads in the general election focused on transgender-related issues, spending $235 million on ads in competitive Senate, House and governor's races this election cycle and $32 million last week alone.
Republicans also hammered on transgender issues on the campaign trail, hoping to replicate the success of Trump and others who used them to cast Democrats as out of touch in the closing stretch of the 2024 election.
"For a long time, there's been this concerted effort to undermine the institutions of our culture," Iowa Republican gubernatorial candidate Zach Lahn said Saturday at a campaign event in Greenfield. He cited Democratic resistance to laws banning transgender athletes from competing in women's sports as well as what he said are threats to law enforcement, fair elections and secure borders.
"We all want prices to come down," he said. "But … if we don't fight properly to preserve what we love here, then we're going to have way bigger problems on our hands than affordability."
Such topics continue to cut across other partisan leanings, appealing to some independents.
In Maine, for instance, Sophie Robbins said she won't vote again for Republican Sen. Susan Collins because she opposes the senator's stances on Israel's war in Gaza and data centers and she believes Collins has been in office for too long.
But Robbins - a 26-year-old stay-at-home mom from Waldoboro who is pro-environment and antiabortion, and who voted for Biden in 2020 and Trump in 2024 - remains uncertain about Collins's Democratic opponent, Troy Jackson. She relates to his upbringing in rural northern Maine but said that his social views are too liberal, particularly on transgender athletes in women's sports.
Jackson, a former logger, greeted voters at a trick-or-treating event in downtown Portland on Saturday afternoon dressed as a cord of wood (referencing an attack ad against him) and pushing his infant granddaughter (wearing a bumblebee costume) in a stroller.
Whatever the arguments against him, Jackson said the reason he'll defeat Collins this year is because "the economy is crashing people. It's the tariffs. It's child care. It's the high fuel prices. We haven't even gotten to the worst of it yet."
Robbins said she would decide by Tuesday whether to vote for Jackson or skip the race altogether. "Maybe I'll write in myself," she said.