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Nov. 6, 2009
Rabbi Berel Wein: Choosing to hear
JWisdom.com Zero to 1/60th: How to Empower An Hour with Gavriel Aryeh Sande (7 minutes)
Caroline B. Glick The mullahs' big week
Suzanne Fields A Fallen Wall for Fallen Man
Nov. 5, 2009
The Kosher Gourmet: Three scrumptious -- but simple -- butternut squash dishes
JWisdom.com Hidden Hints: Unlocking Faith & Prayer with Rabbi Jay Yaacov Schwartz (10 minutes)
Nov. 4, 2009
Tom Hamburger and Kim Geiger: Should prayers be covered?
JWisdom.com When God played peacemaker With Rabbi Sroy Levitansky (5 minutes)
Nov. 3, 2009
Martin Peretz: Beware, Barack. Beware, Rahm. Beware, Axelrod
JWisdom.com Are you are closet idolater? With Sara Yoheved Rigler (10 minutes)
Nov. 2, 2009
Paul Greenberg: The Holocaust is now on Facebook
JWisdom.com Abraham's Strange Change With Rabbi Yitzchok Fingerer (5 minutes)
Oct. 30, 2009
Rabbi David Aaron: Secret to Immortality
Caroline B. Glick Silencing dissent in America
Oct. 29, 2009
Lini S. Kadaba: Do tactics avert flu or reduce humanity?
JWisdom.com We Must Revamp our Religious Vocabulary With Gavriel Aryeh Sanders ( 10 minutes)
Oct. 28, 2009
Rabbi Yonason Goldson: Atheists in Bubbleland
JWisdom.com Why what we wear impacts who we are With Rabbis Mordechai Becher, Menachem Golberger and Aliza Bulow ( 10 minutes)
Oct. 27, 2009
Paul Greenberg: The United Nations Is Outraged Again, Or: Department of Mideast Static
JWisdom.com The Science of Love With Rabbi Jonathan Rietti ( 7 minutes)
Oct. 26, 2009
The Jewish Ethicist by Rabbi Dr. Asher Meir: Damaging disclosures with a twist
JWisdom.com Wisdom and Wonks With Rabbi Eytan Feiner ( 7 minutes)
Oct. 23, 2009
Rabbi David Aaron: Are you ready for the ultimate pleasure?
JWisdom.com Watermark and oneness with Rabbi Sroy Levitansky ( 4 minutes)
Caroline B. Glick Stop using limited powers in a way that expands our enemies' advantages over us
Oct. 22, 2009
Steven Emerson: Terror Cases Share Desire to Kill Americans
JWisdom.com No More More Family Fights --- Really? By Sarah Chana Radcliffe ( 5 minutes)
Oct. 21, 2009
Tonya Alanez: Holocaust denier sues survivor, calling Auschwitz memoir 'vicious lies'
JWisdom.com Meditating Jewishly: A Panacea for Success by Sarah Yoheved Rigler ( 7 minutes)
Oct. 20, 2009
Dennis Prager: Obama and Dalai Lama: Why Israel Worries about U.S. President
JWisdom.com Abraham was not religious By Rabbi Yitzchok Fingerer ( 6 minutes)
Oct. 19, 2009
JWisdom.comWhy Good People Do Bad Things By Rabbi Eytan Feiner ( 7 minutes)
Oct. 16, 2009
Rabbi Yonason Goldson: The Perfect Number
JWisdom.com Hearing Voices By Rabbi Sroy Levitansky ( 5 minutes)
Caroline B. Glick How Turkey was lost
Oct. 15, 2009
Jeff Jacoby: Peace vs. the 'peace process'
JWisdom.com: Former MTV producer and stand-up comedian Rabbi Lawrence Hajioff: Taming a Control Freak (A VERY fast 15 minutes)
Oct. 29, 2003
Mortimer B. Zuckerman: Graffiti On History's Walls (MUST-READ!)

Jewish World Review August 15, 2006 / 21 Menachem-Av, 5766

Testing the Limits of the U.N.: Who seriously expects Kofi Annan to stop Al Qaeda terror attacks?

By Niall Ferguson


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http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | It's funny that the abbreviation for the United Nations is U.N. It always makes me think of negatives. Unhelpful. Unrealistic. Unproductive. Unhappy.


This has been an especially bittersweet summer for the United Nations. I'm talking about not only its monthlong paralysis while war between Israel and Hezbollah has devastated Lebanese and Israeli cities, but also the manifest impotence of its peacekeeping force in Lebanon, four members of which were killed July 25 by Israeli forces. Despite all this, most people still tend to assume that the U.N. is the best place to look for a solution to this latest crisis in the Middle East. Indeed, on Friday, U.N. Security Council members agreed to a resolution aimed at stopping the fighting.


But who seriously expects the United Nations to prevent Al Qaeda (or its latest imitator) from trying to blow up passenger planes in the air? Those who dreamed up the "Lockerbie-meets-9/11" bomb plot clearly did intend "mass murder on an unimaginable scale." All the U.N. has to offer in response is yada, yada, yada on an unimaginable scale.


I had a look at the U.N. website Friday to see how the "international community" was reacting to the transatlantic horror that might have been. It didn't take long to locate a promising page titled "U.N. Action Against Terrorism." Clicking on "Latest Developments" took me to Secretary-General Kofi Annan's "Recommendations for Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy." Underneath was a stirring condemnation of "terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes," taken from Annan's report, "Uniting Against Terrorism," published in April.


But my heart sank as I plowed through the report. By the time I got to Chapter VI — "Defending human rights in the context of terrorism and counter-terrorism" — I was comatose. In his new book, "The Parliament of Man: The Past, Present, and Future of the United Nations," the British-born Yale historian Paul Kennedy shows just why the U.N. excels at what Churchill called jaw-jaw, but does less well at stopping war-war. Kennedy takes his title from Tennyson's poem "Locksley Hall," in which the poet "dipt into the future" and imagined a time when "the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle-flags were furl'd / In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world."


President Truman frequently quoted Tennyson's lines at the time of the U.N.'s founding conference in 1945, in an effort to persuade his wavering countrymen not to repudiate the idea of collective security (as they had in the 1920s). Yet it was not quite a "Parliament of man" that emerged — more a parliament of nation-states, strictly subordinated to an executive committee of five past or present empires: the permanent members of the Security Council.


Most advocates of U.N. reform tend to focus on the considerable power of those five powers. Why, they ask, should Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States each enjoy the privilege of vetoing resolutions they do not like the look of? Why should China have a seat, but not India — simply because India was still part of Britain's empire in 1945, whereas no one in Washington expected the Communists to take over China just four years later? Those who make this point are almost as misguided as those reactionary Republicans who regard the United Nations as an irritant rather than an asset to the U.S., forgetting altogether how much the U.S. has benefited from U.N. legitimization in previous conflicts, such as the Korean War and the Gulf War.


I agree with the thrust of Kennedy's argument that a postwar world without the United Nations — or a world with an institution more like the much weaker League of Nations — would have been an even less peaceful world. You only need to run through the list of ongoing U.N. peacekeeping missions to realize just how many conflicts it has helped to dampen down, if not to end.


There are currently 18 United Nations peacekeeping operations underway, out of a total of 60 in the entire post-1945 period. Would an enlarged or otherwise modified Security Council authorize more — or more effective — peacekeeping operations? Would it have acted sooner or more successfully in recent genocidal wars such as those fought in Bosnia and Rwanda in the 1990s? It seems unlikely.


If anything, the unrepresentative composition of the Security Council increases the chances that its members will agree, especially now that the Cold War is over. Today, the weakness of the United Nations lies elsewhere. It lies in precisely the fact that the General Assembly represents all (or nearly all) of the world's nation-states, from the vast and ancient to the tiny and new. That not only leads to the overrepresentation of peoples with relatively high levels of political fragmentation (such as the Arabs), it also leads to the overrepresentation of nation-states, per se.


In Tennyson's imagined Parliament of man, "the common sense of most shall hold a fretful realm in awe." In the same way, the U.N. is designed to deal with "fretful" states that break international law. Even if it often does so fitfully (as with Iran's nuclear weapons program), the mechanisms are there. But Hezbollah is not a state but, at best, a state within a state. And Al Qaeda is a loose network that operates within many states. It is far from clear — least of all from Annan's report — what role the U.N. should play in combating such malignant "non-state actors," other than to spawn committees and churn out more reports.


Terrorist organizations thrive precisely where states are weak. And those weak states are as well represented in the U.N. General Assembly as the strong states against whom the terrorists direct their attacks. This is precisely why calls for the creation of a U.N. intelligence service or a U.N. standing army (which Kennedy supports) are just as unrealistic as Tennyson's youthful vision: "And the kindly earth shall slumber, lapt in universal law."


"Chaos, Cosmos! Cosmos, Chaos!" exclaimed an older, wiser Tennyson in "Locksley Hall Sixty Years After." "Who can tell how all will end?" That is the question no one can answer about the incurably disunited world we live in.

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Niall Ferguson is a professor of history at Harvard University. He is the author of "Empire" (Basic Books, 2003) and "Colossus" (Penguin, 2004). Comment by clicking here.


08/08/06: The coming tsunami of trash
07/18/06: Forget the '60s and ‘Make Love, Not War.’ Today's world is facing a Summer of Rage
07/11/06: When will China pull the plug on North Korea?
06/20/06: Hedge funds vs. central bankers: Will inflation, deflation or recession win in the coming months?
06/13/06: Britain's economy is just like America's — minus the entrepreneurs and growth
06/06/06: The X-Men have taken over Washington
05/30/06: Quit protesting, profs!
05/23/06: World markets' wild ride: Economic volatility is back with a vengeance
05/16/06: The Cold Wars are coming
05/09/06: Many commentators are missing dangerous political shift
05/02/06: Put some sugar in your tank
04/25/06: Hu and the dog that didn't bark
04/18/06: Should Americans be less optimistic?
04/11/06: Globalization's second death?
04/04/06: So many ‘special’ friends
03/28/06: Let's get it right about what has gone wrong
03/21/06: Congress is trying to give the world a globotomy
03/14/06: Lame ducks can still bite back
03/07/06: A 19th Century critique of a 21st Century president
02/28/06: The crash of civilizations
02/21/06: Not the president, but close
02/14/06: Want historic trouble? Look south
02/07/06: Greenspan advising Britain? It's housing bubbles, deficits and potential meltdowns all over again
01/31/06: Missing the Cold War
01/24/06: It's a sick, Thick World
01/17/06: Tomorrow's world war today
01/03/06: Scotland, it's over, but keep the accents
12/20/05: History, democracy and Iraq
12/20/05: History, democracy and Iraq
11/22/05: Ghost of Napoleon haunts Tony Blair
11/22/05: Can it happen in Britain too?
11/15/05: Red plus blue equals purple
11/10/05: The fires of disintegration
11/01/05: Triumph of an über-wonk

© 2006, Los Angeles Times Distributed by Los Angeles Times Syndicate

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