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Jewish World Review How beer works By Marshall Brain http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | (MCT) We have all seen enough beer commercials to know that beer contains malt and hops. And there is something about beechwood aging. But have you ever wondered what malt and hops are? And what does beechwood have to do with beer? Let's take a look at how beer works by going through the entire brewing process. Traditional beer has only four ingredients: malted barley, hops, yeast and water. The malted barley is key. Without it the yeast would have nothing to eat, so there would be no alcohol and no carbonation. Your beer would also be missing most of its flavor and color. If you were going to make malted barley completely from scratch, you would plow a field, plant it with barley, and then cut and thresh the grain. You would end up with sacks of barley. To malt this grain you would mix the dry barley with water and allow it to sit for a couple of days. Like any seed, the damp barley grains would start to sprout. If, at the point where the sprouting action is just getting started, you roast the grains to stop the sprouting process, you would have malted barley. The reason why the malting step is important is because it creates enzymes. The grain is filled with starch. By moistening the grain, the seeds will start the process of converting the starch to sugar so that the plant can start growing. To handle this conversion process, the seed will produce several important enzymes. Those enzymes will convert the rest of the starch to sugar once we start making the beer. So the brewer sprouts the barley and roasts it to create malted barley. The amount of roasting controls how dark the beer will be, as well as the flavor of the beer. Now it is time to start brewing. If you take malted barley, crush it and mix it with warm water, you create a mash. By letting the mash sit for an hour or two, the enzymes in the malt will convert the rest of the starches to sugar. Once the process is complete, you can drain off the liquid and it is sweet, almost like a thin syrup. The next step is to boil the sweet liquid and add hops to create a wort. Hops are the dried flowers of a vine that grows almost like a weed. These flowers have an interesting property - they are incredibly bitter. If you were to chew a petal from a dry hop flower, you would be amazed at how bitter and astringent it is. The taste is not pleasant and stays in your mouth for hours. But that bitterness, diluted in water so that it is not overpowering, is essential to the flavor of beer. Now it is time to ferment the wort. You do this by adding yeast. The yeast cells eat the sugar in the wort and create carbon dioxide and alcohol. After two weeks or so, the yeast have eaten all the sugar. At some breweries the beer is then aged. For example, quite a bit of the beer in the United States is aged with beechwood. This means that the fermenting wort is put in a tank that contains a layer of beechwood strips at the bottom. They harvest beech trees, cut the trunks into thin strips about the size of a wooden ruler, and boil the strips. Then they line the bottom of a tank with a layer of these strips. The yeast cells in the wort settle out onto the wooden strips and continue eating any remaining sugar. They use boiled beechwood because it is a light, neutral wood that doesn't really change the flavor of the beer in any big way. What you have at the end of this multi-week process is beer. Because the yeast has eaten all the sugar, there is no sweetness. And the yeast byproducts have made the beer alcoholic and bubbly. The hops add the hoppy bitterness and aroma. After a little filtering and perhaps a pasteurization step, the beer is ready to go into bottles, cans and kegs. 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Previously: How holding your breath works How smoke detectors work How heat pumps work How your night vision works How concentrating solar collectors work How your key fob works How the common cold works How the Large Hadron Collider Works How making a TV show works How dry cleaning works How exoskeletons work How an oil refinery works How landfills work How the Orion spacecraft works The cutting edge in HDTV Redefining the CD How the HDMI cable scam works How glow-in-the-dark toys work How the subprime mortgage crisis works How gift cards work How Tasers work How giant TV screens work How foreclosure works How Air Force One works How wildfire fighting works How vitamins work How ejection seats work How reattaching limbs works How hot air balloons work How paparazzi work How counterfeiting works How CDs work How the Edsel worked How Stinger missiles work How hybrid cars work How sharks work How mosquitoes work How diesel engines work How water towers work How the Dawn mission works How Kassam rockets work How the North American Eagle works Why aren't we flying to work? How tofu and soy milk work How Colony Collapse Disorder works How airbags work How the U.S. income tax works How gum works How caffeine works How Daylight Saving Time works How a cruise missile works How snow making works © 2007, How Stuff Works Inc. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

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