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Jewish World Review How Stuff Works: How calories work (and how many you need in a day) By Marshall Brain http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | (MCT) ow often do you think about calories? I know I think about them any time I pick up a piece of food. Same thing for any beverage I drink. Like a majority of Americans, I am trying to keep my weight down. So I think about calories all the time. But what is a "calorie"? And how many does your body really need to stay alive? Let's take a look at how calories work. A calorie is a unit of energy in the metric system. It is the amount of energy you need to raise the temperature of one liter of water one degree Celsius. So if you have a liter of water that is at zero degrees Celsius (right at water's freezing point) and, and you would like to increase it to 100 degrees Celsius (right at water's boiling point), it would take 100 calories to do it. Here is another way to think about it. Imagine that you are sitting by a campfire roasting marshmallows. We are talking about the big campfire marshmallows that are about as big around as a quarter and about an inch high. If you stick your marshmallow too close to the flames, it catches on fire. And if you don't blow it out, pretty soon you have a flaming torch on the end of your stick. There is a lot of heat energy in a marshmallow. In fact, one of these marshmallows contains about 25 Calories. Four of these Marshmallows contains 100 calories, and that is enough energy get a liter of water to the boiling point. The reason why you need calories is because your body needs energy to stay alive. For example, your body contains a lot of water and you are warm blooded. It takes energy to keep that water warm. Your brain is a lot like a computer, and it takes energy to keep that computer running. Your brain might be burning 20 calories, or about one marshmallow's worth, every hour. Your heart has to keep beating, and your diaphragm needs to keep inhaling and exhaling. It all takes energy. How much energy, exactly, does it take to keep a human body functioning? There are three things that go into the calculation: 1) your basal metabolic rate, 2) the cost of digesting the food you eat, and 3) your physical activity. Your basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy it takes to keep the lights on. As mentioned above, this is the energy it takes to keep you alive even when you are lying on the couch doing nothing. This energy keeps your brain thinking, your heart beating and so on. There is a formula called the Harris-Benedict formula that can help you calculate your basal metabolic rate. If you are an adult male, you take your height in inches and multiply by 12.9. Take your weight in pounds and multiply by 6.3. Add those two numbers together and add 66 to the total. Now take your age, multiply by 6.8 and subtract that number from the total. That is, roughly, how many calories your body burns every day just to lie around. If you are a woman the multipliers are 4.3, 4.7 and 4.7, and instead of 66 you use 65. The cost of digesting food is easy to calculate. You take the number of calories you eat in a day and multiply by 0.10. So if you eat 2,000 calories, it takes 200 calories to digest it. Physical activity is anything you do besides lying on the couch. When you take a walk, run up the stairs, clean the house, etc., your muscles burn energy. For example, you might walk for an hour and burn 200 calories. The number of calories you burn depends on how much you weigh and how far you walk, and there are plenty of sites on the Web that will help you figure this out. So let's say that you add all this up and you burn 2,000 calories per day. The problem we face, and the reason why so many people are having weight problems, is because it just does not take that much processed food to deliver 2,200 calories. For example, a cheeseburger has 500 calories. If you eat four of those in a day, you are done. If you eat anything else, you will gain weight that day. A 16-ounce bottle of soda contains 200 calories. Ten of those in a day and you are done. You can't eat anything else without gaining weight. One frosted toaster pastry also has 200 calories. And so on. In the grand scheme of things, it takes very little processed food to meet your calorie needs for the day. Every weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here. Comment by clicking here. Previously: How saving money on electricity works How whiskey works How IQ tests work How a quartz watch works How ice skating rinks work How glass works How blimps work How space stations work How toasters work How a cell phone works What went obsolete in the last decade? How cholesterol works How leather works How vaccines work How the smart grid works How sea level works How employee screening works How to avoid catching a cold How bread works How a home energy audit works How Omega-3 fatty acids work Social networking How trick birthday candles work How electric cars like the Nissan Leaf work How a manned mission to Mars works How gold works How bad breath works How the ultimate sunglasses work Any rocket is easily converted to a missile How to have a great staycation How a black box works How a solar roof works How nuclear bombs work How the Hubble Space Telescope works How hay fever works How to know when to rent vs. buy How swine flu works How a kidney dialysis machine works How children die in hot cars How a trillion dollars works How electronic cigarettes work How chimpanzees work How in vitro fertilization works How supertankers work How poisons work How corn works How dog ID chips work How President Obama's limousine works How emergency power works How aircraft carriers work How antibiotics and vaccines work How mucus works How iron and steel work How aspirin works How igloos work How the Predator UAV works How retention ponds work How water absorbers work How melamine works How digital music works How coal mining works How an economic depression works How the liver works How 3D movies work How oil pipelines work How jet packs work How seismographs work How Olympic technology works How Personal Rapid Transit works How 3G works How the Global Position System (GPS) works How octane works How cruise missiles work How submarines work How miles work How octane works How food preservation works How beer works How holding your breath works How smoke detectors work How heat pumps work How your night vision works How concentrating solar collectors work How your key fob works How the common cold works How the Large Hadron Collider Works How making a TV show works How dry cleaning works How exoskeletons work How an oil refinery works How landfills work How the Orion spacecraft works The cutting edge in HDTV Redefining the CD How the HDMI cable scam works How glow-in-the-dark toys work How the subprime mortgage crisis works How gift cards work How Tasers work How giant TV screens work How foreclosure works How Air Force One works How wildfire fighting works How vitamins work How ejection seats work How reattaching limbs works How hot air balloons work How paparazzi work How counterfeiting works How CDs work How the Edsel worked How Stinger missiles work How hybrid cars work How sharks work How mosquitoes work How diesel engines work How water towers work How the Dawn mission works How Kassam rockets work How the North American Eagle works Why aren't we flying to work? How tofu and soy milk work How Colony Collapse Disorder works How airbags work How the U.S. income tax works How gum works How caffeine works How Daylight Saving Time works How a cruise missile works How snow making works © 2007, How Stuff Works Inc. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

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