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Jewish World Review How Stuff Works: How blimps work By Marshall Brain http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | (MCT) At any major sporting event there is one thing you are sure to see if the weather is decent. Look, up in the sky, it's a blimp — A gigantic sky whale. Like a helicopter, a blimp can provide a hovering platform in the sky that makes them great for aerial photography. But unlike a helicopter, a blimp does its hovering at a much lower fuel cost. Blimps can stay in the air for days if they need to. And don't forget the blimp bonus — there is a huge surface for advertising displays. The obvious first question is the size. How big is a blimp? They are immense by normal human standards. According to Goodyear, you need to imagine a six-story office building almost 200 feet long to get a sense of a blimp's scale. Or to put it another way, imagine three 18 wheelers parked end-to-end. That handles the length. Then imagine stacking the tractor trailers four-high top of each other. A blimp is about 60 feet high, while a tractor trailer is about 13.5 feet high. An un-inflated blimp, including the fabric of the blimp itself, the gondola and the motors, weighs about 13,000 pounds. A blimp is a giant balloon made out of airtight fabric. There is no internal frame or structure. You might remember the famous film of the Hindenburg exploding, with its immense aluminum framework falling from the sky. A blimp has none of that. It is a big balloon with the gas inside giving it its shape. That gas is also the key to a blimp's ability to float. Blimps are filled with helium, and a lot of it. Think about the normal helium balloon that a child gets at a birthday party. The balloon holds half a cubic foot (14 liters) and can lift about 14 grams. Keep in mind that there are 453 grams in a pound. Therefore, to lift a 50 pound child, it would take about 1,620 birthday balloons. To get a 13,000 pound blimp off the ground, you need a whole bunch of helium — over 200,000 cubic feet to be exact. That is why blimps are so gigantic compared to an airplane that can carry the same number of people. Of course an airplane can't hover in the air for days at a time either. The pilot who operates the blimp, plus any passengers, ride in the gondola. Inside, the gondola looks a lot like the cabin of an 8-seater airplane. There are two pilot seats at the front and six passenger seats behind. The controls that the pilot uses look a lot like the controls of an airplane. At the back of the blimp there are big fins that act as the rudder and elevators for steering the blimp. And a blimp has two engines spinning airplane-like propellers to move the blimp forward through the air. You might have noticed that a birthday balloon, once set free, has this tendency to rise until it is out of sight. Essentially a birthday balloon goes up until it bursts. What keeps a blimp from doing that? For one thing, a balloon starts its trip with enough ballast on board to be just slightly heavier than air. If you could put a blimp on a bathroom scale, it would weigh about 100 pounds at takeoff. That keeps it on the ground, but just barely. The slightest gust of wind could kick it into the air. Plus the blimp gets lighter as it burns fuel. Therefore, inside the blimp there are two large balloons called ballonets. These fill with air under the pilot's control. Since air is a lot heavier than helium, relatively speaking, the pilot puts a lot of air into the ballonets when it is time to descend. To ascend, the pilot lets the air out of the ballonets, allowing the helium inside the blimp to have its full lifting power. Essentially, the pilot is using huge tanks of air as additional, adjustable ballast. The other big thing with blimps is the advertising. It is possible to paint ads onto the blimp's fabric, and people do, but those signs are invisible at night. Therefore, blimps also have arrays of bright LEDs for night advertising. A blimp becomes a giant floating jumbotron. Every weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here. Comment by clicking here. Previously: How space stations work How toasters work How a cell phone works What went obsolete in the last decade? How cholesterol works How leather works How vaccines work How the smart grid works How sea level works How employee screening works How to avoid catching a cold How bread works How a home energy audit works How Omega-3 fatty acids work Social networking How trick birthday candles work How electric cars like the Nissan Leaf work How a manned mission to Mars works How gold works How bad breath works How the ultimate sunglasses work Any rocket is easily converted to a missile How to have a great staycation How a black box works How a solar roof works How nuclear bombs work How the Hubble Space Telescope works How hay fever works How to know when to rent vs. buy How swine flu works How a kidney dialysis machine works How children die in hot cars How a trillion dollars works How electronic cigarettes work How chimpanzees work How in vitro fertilization works How supertankers work How poisons work How corn works How dog ID chips work How President Obama's limousine works How emergency power works How aircraft carriers work How antibiotics and vaccines work How mucus works How iron and steel work How aspirin works How igloos work How the Predator UAV works How retention ponds work How water absorbers work How melamine works How digital music works How coal mining works How an economic depression works How the liver works How 3D movies work How oil pipelines work How jet packs work How seismographs work How Olympic technology works How Personal Rapid Transit works How 3G works How the Global Position System (GPS) works How octane works How cruise missiles work How submarines work How miles work How octane works How food preservation works How beer works How holding your breath works How smoke detectors work How heat pumps work How your night vision works How concentrating solar collectors work How your key fob works How the common cold works How the Large Hadron Collider Works How making a TV show works How dry cleaning works How exoskeletons work How an oil refinery works How landfills work How the Orion spacecraft works The cutting edge in HDTV Redefining the CD How the HDMI cable scam works How glow-in-the-dark toys work How the subprime mortgage crisis works How gift cards work How Tasers work How giant TV screens work How foreclosure works How Air Force One works How wildfire fighting works How vitamins work How ejection seats work How reattaching limbs works How hot air balloons work How paparazzi work How counterfeiting works How CDs work How the Edsel worked How Stinger missiles work How hybrid cars work How sharks work How mosquitoes work How diesel engines work How water towers work How the Dawn mission works How Kassam rockets work How the North American Eagle works Why aren't we flying to work? How tofu and soy milk work How Colony Collapse Disorder works How airbags work How the U.S. income tax works How gum works How caffeine works How Daylight Saving Time works How a cruise missile works How snow making works © 2007, How Stuff Works Inc. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

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