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May 21, 2012
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May 18, 2012
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Steven Goldberg: 5 Great Stock Picks and the Exchange-Traded Fund that Owns Them
Mary Pickett, M.D.: Ask the Harvard Experts: Don't be forced into gluten-free lifestyle based merely on a doctor's false-positive test
The Kosher Gourmet by Carolyn Malcoun: DIY healthy lunchbox treats: HOMEMADE FRUIT BARS for kids and brown-bagging adults alike
May 17, 2012
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Josh Mitnick: Netanyahu's 'centrist' coalition is already proving it's anything but
Steven Goldberg: Earn Dividends in Emerging Markets with This WisdomTree ETF
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The Kosher Gourmet by Faith Duran : Cheesy Potato Breakfast Casserole with Cheddar and Sun-Dried Tomatoes
May 16, 2012
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The Kosher Gourmet by Joyce White : GOODNESS GRACIOUS: GREENS! 4 winning recipes that are no longer just for down-home folks (Includes expert tips & techniques)
May 15, 2012
Kristen Chick: Obama administration resumes arms sales to Bahrain despite serious unresolved human rights issues. Activists feel abandoned
Pat Mertz Esswein: Homes are now affordable again and mortgage rates are low. What you need to know before you buy
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The Kosher Gourmet by Kathy Hunt: Spread a Little Excitement with EXOTIC CONDIMENTS (4 RECIPES)
May 14, 2012
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Harvard Health Letters: Heart disease and dementia
The Kosher Gourmet by Megan Gordon: MANGO COCONUT OAT MORNING MUFFINS are a bright but hearty delight
May 11, 2012
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Jett Stone: Forget face-lifts and fake knees. Scientists have seen the fountain of youth --- and it's broccoli
The Kosher Gourmet by Chef Mario Batali: The famed chef's vegetable dish that tastes true to the season: FAVAS AND SUGAR SNAP PEAS WITH POTATOES AND TARRAGON
May 10, 2012
Sergei L. Loiko: Putin sends warning to U.S., NATO in Victory Day speech at Red Square
Mary Rourke: How being a 'mentch' got Vidal Sasoon his start and fighting in Israel's War of Independence provided him with confidence and a strong sense of his own identity
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The Kosher Gourmet by Betty Rosbottom: Gleaming with its golden, crimson, and snowy white hues, this silken smooth and creamy STRAWBERRY ORANGE TRIFLE looks impressive, but is easy to prepare
May 9, 2012
Sharon Palmer, R.D. How you can reduce your risk -- or delay -- chronic diseases associated with aging
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Jewish World Review
How Stuff Works: How poisons work
By
Marshall Brain
http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | (MCT)
Just about every day we hear about different poisons. You probably know that carbon monoxide can kill you, and so can cyanide. Lead is a poison that is in the news all the time. Occasionally you will see a story about someone eating a poison mushroom or eating a poisonous Castor bean.
The question is, what makes a poison a poison? Why do people die if they eat a certain type of plant or breathe a certain gas?
Although every poison works differently, they all do the same thing. Poisons get into your body and gum up something essential in your body's cells. Without that essential something, your cells die, and so do you.
Take, for example, the gas known as carbon monoxide. This poison is produced when things burn. Car exhaust contains carbon monoxide. If you have a furnace that burns oil or natural gas, it can produce carbon monoxide (and has an exhaust stack that sends the carbon monoxide outside). If you have a fireplace and the chimney doesn't work properly, burning wood will send carbon monoxide into your home.
When you inhale carbon monoxide, it enters your lungs. Inside your lungs, the goal is for red blood cells to release carbon dioxide and to pick up oxygen. But if there is carbon monoxide in the air, it locks into red blood cells at the place where the oxygen normally attaches. And once in a red blood cell, it is very hard to get the carbon monoxide out. Eventually, if you breathe enough of it, all of your red blood cells get polluted with carbon monoxide and cannot carry any oxygen. At that point, all of the cells in your body suffocate from lack of oxygen, and you die.
Lead is another common poison, and is especially harmful in growing children. The problem with lead is that, to your cells, lead looks a lot like other metal atoms like iron and calcium. Lead replaces calcium in bones. It also replaces calcium that is used inside the brain to keep your neurons firing properly. In children this causes the brain to develop and function incorrectly, leading to lower intelligence and other problems.
Arsenic is a poison made famous by the play "Arsenic and Old Lace." Less than a gram of it will kill an adult. Like lead, it poisons by mimicry. In the case of arsenic, it mimics phosphate. Phosphate, it turns out, is essential to the chemical reaction that provides human cells with energy. So arsenic essentially cuts off the energy supply to all the cells in your body, and you die.
Castor beans contain a poison known as ricin. Ricin is a protein that enters cells and attaches to ribosomes. Once attached, the ribosomes stop working. Ribosomes are essential to your cells because they manufacture all the proteins and enzymes used inside the cell. Without the ability to create new enzymes, your cells eventually die. And so do you. Death cap mushrooms contain a chemical that gums up another part of the protein assembly line.
Acetaminophen, the common pain killer best known as Tylenol, is a liver poison if you take too much. In the normal case, the liver processes Acetaminophen and eliminates it from the blood stream. This is why you have to take Acetaminophen every few hours. But if you take too much Acetaminophen (say 10 grams of it), the normal process gets overwhelmed. The liver then uses a different process, which creates a chemical that kills liver cells. Without a liver, you die.
And then there is cyanide, which acts very quickly. A cyanide molecule, like carbon monoxide, takes up a place where oxygen binds to iron. In this case, the iron is part of the energy-production machinery in your cells. The cells can't produce energy and die in just a few minutes. Because cyanide is so quick, it has been a common poison used in gas chambers and suicide pills.
Your body is a very complex and fascinating chemical machine containing millions of different chemical reactions. All of these poisons disrupt a chemical reaction in some way. To be a deadly poison, all the chemical has to do is disrupt a chain that is essential to life.
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Previously:
How corn works
How dog ID chips work
How President Obama's limousine works
How emergency power works
How aircraft carriers work
How antibiotics and vaccines work
How mucus works
How iron and steel work
How aspirin works
How igloos work
How the Predator UAV works
How retention ponds work
How water absorbers work
How melamine works
How digital music works
How coal mining works
How an economic depression works
How the liver works
How 3D movies work
How oil pipelines work
How jet packs work
How seismographs work
How Olympic technology works
How Personal Rapid Transit works
How 3G works
How the Global Position System (GPS) works
How octane works
How cruise missiles work
How submarines work
How miles work
How octane works
How food preservation works
How beer works
How holding your breath works
How smoke detectors work
How heat pumps work
How your night vision works
How concentrating solar collectors work
How your key fob works
How the common cold works
How the Large Hadron Collider Works
How making a TV show works
How dry cleaning works
How exoskeletons work
How an oil refinery works
How landfills work
How the Orion spacecraft works
The cutting edge in HDTV
Redefining the CD
How the HDMI cable scam works
How glow-in-the-dark toys work
How the subprime mortgage crisis works
How gift cards work
How Tasers work
How giant TV screens work
How foreclosure works
How Air Force One works
How wildfire fighting works
How vitamins work
How ejection seats work
How reattaching limbs works
How hot air balloons work
How paparazzi work
How counterfeiting works
How CDs work
How the Edsel worked
How Stinger missiles work
How hybrid cars work
How sharks work
How mosquitoes work
How diesel engines work
How water towers work
How the Dawn mission works
How Kassam rockets work
How the North American Eagle works
Why aren't we flying to work?
How tofu and soy milk work
How Colony Collapse Disorder works
How airbags work
How the U.S. income tax works
How gum works
How caffeine works
How Daylight Saving Time works
How a cruise missile works
How snow making works
© 2007, How Stuff Works Inc. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.
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