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Jewish World Review How Stuff Works: How cholesterol works By Marshall Brain http://www.JewishWorldReview.com | (MCT) Heart disease is the No. 1 killer in the United States. According to the federal Centers for Disease Control, "About every 25 seconds, an American will have a coronary event, and about one every minute will die from one." One per minute works out to over half a million people dead from heart problems per year. One of the leading causes of heart disease is cholesterol. The fact that cholesterol is the leading cause of the leading killer makes cholesterol important. So let's take a look at how cholesterol works. What is cholesterol? It is a chemical that is essential to the cells in your body. If you were to hold a blob of pure cholesterol in your hand, it would look and feel waxy. Cells use cholesterol to make their membranes (the outer envelope that holds each cell together). Because cholesterol is essential to your body, your liver and several other organs make the cholesterol you need - on the order of a gram per day. Then you add some extra cholesterol to the mix in your food - maybe 300 milligrams a day. Therefore plenty of cholesterol is floating in your bloodstream for your cells to use. When cells need it, cholesterol is readily available from a nearby capillary. If cholesterol is essential to your body, how can cholesterol be bad? The very simplest explanation: cholesterol collects on artery walls and eventually clogs them up. When it clogs up the arteries on the heart, you have a heart attack, which is frequently fatal. Why, you might ask, are the arteries on the heart so susceptible? They are not - all the arteries are clogging. It's just that the heart is one place where a clog causes an immediate and often deadly effect. If an artery in your leg clogs, it is known as peripheral artery disease. It's a problem, but not one that will kill you in a few minutes. Cholesterol tests used to produce just one number - the amount of cholesterol in the blood, measured in milligrams per deciliter - and you needed to keep it below 200. Then came the differentiation between "good" and "bad" cholesterol, and then all the stuff with density and triglycerides, to the point where today a cholesterol report looks like a confusing bowl of alphabet soup. It is interesting because it is the result of a better and better understanding of what actually seems to be going on with cholesterol inside the human body. The lipoproteins are there to transport things like cholesterol in the blood. Remember that cholesterol is waxy, and blood is watery. Wax and water don't mix, so cholesterol can't flow in the bloodstream and get where it needs to go without help. Lipoproteins provide the help. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are what cause artery walls to clog, and are therefore "bad." High- density lipoproteins (HDL) seem to prevent clogging, and are therefore "good." So your doctor is trying to keep overall cholesterol in the good range while decreasing LDL and increasing HDL. What can you do about cholesterol? Your doctor can prescribe drugs like statins. Statins break a chain in the liver that creates cholesterol, so the amount of cholesterol goes down. They also can lower LDL levels. In addition, you have some dietary steps you can take. Eating low- cholesterol foods and avoiding high-cholesterol foods can help to some degree, although the body continues making cholesterol and will sometimes make more when you eat less. There are also several foods you can start eating that affect cholesterol levels. You have probably heard about oat bran. It lowers LDL because it contains soluble fiber. So do fruits like apples. Walnuts also help. In some people, walnuts make a big difference. They contain "good fats" that push cholesterol numbers down. Omega-3 fatty acids found in things like salmon, flax seed and fish oil pills, also help. And olive oil is a good thing to eat, especially if it is replacing unhealthy fats. Every weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here. Comment by clicking here. Previously: How leather works How vaccines work How the smart grid works How sea level works How employee screening works How to avoid catching a cold How bread works How a home energy audit works How Omega-3 fatty acids work Social networking How trick birthday candles work How electric cars like the Nissan Leaf work How a manned mission to Mars works How gold works How bad breath works How the ultimate sunglasses work Any rocket is easily converted to a missile How to have a great staycation How a black box works How a solar roof works How nuclear bombs work How the Hubble Space Telescope works How hay fever works How to know when to rent vs. buy How swine flu works How a kidney dialysis machine works How children die in hot cars How a trillion dollars works How electronic cigarettes work How chimpanzees work How in vitro fertilization works How supertankers work How poisons work How corn works How dog ID chips work How President Obama's limousine works How emergency power works How aircraft carriers work How antibiotics and vaccines work How mucus works How iron and steel work How aspirin works How igloos work How the Predator UAV works How retention ponds work How water absorbers work How melamine works How digital music works How coal mining works How an economic depression works How the liver works How 3D movies work How oil pipelines work How jet packs work How seismographs work How Olympic technology works How Personal Rapid Transit works How 3G works How the Global Position System (GPS) works How octane works How cruise missiles work How submarines work How miles work How octane works How food preservation works How beer works How holding your breath works How smoke detectors work How heat pumps work How your night vision works How concentrating solar collectors work How your key fob works How the common cold works How the Large Hadron Collider Works How making a TV show works How dry cleaning works How exoskeletons work How an oil refinery works How landfills work How the Orion spacecraft works The cutting edge in HDTV Redefining the CD How the HDMI cable scam works How glow-in-the-dark toys work How the subprime mortgage crisis works How gift cards work How Tasers work How giant TV screens work How foreclosure works How Air Force One works How wildfire fighting works How vitamins work How ejection seats work How reattaching limbs works How hot air balloons work How paparazzi work How counterfeiting works How CDs work How the Edsel worked How Stinger missiles work How hybrid cars work How sharks work How mosquitoes work How diesel engines work How water towers work How the Dawn mission works How Kassam rockets work How the North American Eagle works Why aren't we flying to work? How tofu and soy milk work How Colony Collapse Disorder works How airbags work How the U.S. income tax works How gum works How caffeine works How Daylight Saving Time works How a cruise missile works How snow making works © 2007, How Stuff Works Inc. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services.

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